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Interactive design lab

Database Sizing Workbench

What does a database sizing plan need to prove?

A database sizing plan must prove that retained data fits on disk and that peak reads, writes, cache misses, and connections stay inside measured node limits.

Step 1

Model

Define row growth, retention, compression, indexes, replicas, hot data, peak workload, provisioned nodes, and tested per-node capacity.

Step 2

Observe

Find the first storage or serving bottleneck, preserve explicit headroom, and separate measured limits from illustrative assumptions.

Step 3

Challenge

Start with the planned peak, then inject retention growth, new indexes, node loss, a hot partition, and compaction pressure.

Database sizing workbench

Size the data and the path that serves it

Model retained bytes, indexes, replicas, memory, throughput, IOPS, and connections, then inject the failure your spreadsheet usually leaves out.

Scenario status

Headroom intact

Pressure test

Operational challenge

Challenges change the evaluated scenario, not the values you entered.

Sizing envelope

Planned peak

All nodes are available and traffic is evenly distributed.

Provisioned storage

3.44 TB

573 GB per surviving node

Working set

110 GB

100% covered by memory

Required nodes

4

6 survive this scenario

Primary bottleneck

Read throughput

60% utilized

Storage allocation

See every byte added to the primary data

7.53 GB / day

Primary data679 GB
Primary indexes238 GB
Replica copies1.83 TB
Free-space reserve687 GB
Storage formula: rows/day x 365 days x row bytes x (1 - compression) x (1 + index overhead) x replication, then add the 25% free-space reserve.

Growth checkpoints

Retention fills the serving store

Day 91859 GB
Day 1831.72 TB
Day 2742.58 TB
Day 3653.44 TB

This assumes a steady ingest rate and immediate expiration after the retention window. Backups and archives are intentionally excluded.

Serving path

Trace workload from connections to disk

Cache hit rate is an illustrative estimate, not a benchmark.

Clients

21K QPS

1.2K concurrent

Surviving fleet

6 nodes

hottest gets 17%

Buffer cache

99% hit

384 GB available

Disk path

7.3K IOPS

9% utilized

Memory: 99%Disk: 1%Write amplification: 2.4x

Capacity lanes

One saturated lane can reject the design

Read throughput

60%

18K QPS demand / 30K QPS capacityMeasured query limit

Write throughput

42%

3K QPS demand / 7.2K QPS capacity2.4x write amplification

Disk IOPS

9%

7.3K IOPS demand / 84K IOPS capacity216 read + 7.1K write

Connections

50%

1.2K open demand / 2.4K open capacityPool before database

Working-set memory

29%

110 GB demand / 384 GB capacityPrimary hot data + indexes

Hottest node

60%

17% demand / 17% even share capacityConcentrated lane pressure

Headroom intact

Read throughput

Keep measured per-node limits, cache-hit rate, and connection-pool saturation aligned with this planning envelope.

Rows retained
912.5M
Raw primary data
1.1 TB
Durable stored bytes
2.75 TB
Effective index overhead
35%
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