Technology Deep Dives
Interactive guides and simulators for core technologies used in modern system design. Learn how they work, when to use them, and practice with hands-on simulators.
Featured: Redis Deep Dive
InteractiveMaster Redis with our comprehensive guide covering data structures, operations, clustering, and real-world use cases. Includes an interactive simulator for hands-on learning.
AI & ML Frameworks
LangChain
Master LangChain framework: building LLM applications, chains, agents, and AI orchestration patterns.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios
AutoGen
Build multi-agent systems with AutoGen: conversational AI, code generation, and collaborative AI workflows.
30 min • Quiz • Scenarios
CrewAI
Orchestrate AI teams with CrewAI: role-based agents, team coordination, and collaborative AI workflows.
30 min • Quiz • Scenarios
OpenAI
Integrate OpenAI APIs: GPT models, embeddings, function calling, and production implementation patterns.
25 min • Quiz • Scenarios
Model Context Protocol
Understand Model Context Protocol: clients, servers, tools, resources, prompts, transport, and production integration trade-offs.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios
LlamaIndex
Build data-augmented LLM apps with LlamaIndex: document indexing, RAG workflows, and data connectors.
30 min • Quiz • Scenarios
Vector Databases
Master vector databases: embeddings storage, similarity search, indexing strategies, and RAG optimization.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
FAISS
Master FAISS (Facebook AI Similarity Search): vector indexing, similarity search optimization, and production deployment patterns.
45 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
PyTorch
Master PyTorch for production ML systems: distributed training, FSDP, optimization, and real-world deployment patterns.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
TensorFlow
Deploy TensorFlow in production ML systems: TF Serving, XLA optimization, TPU deployment, and enterprise scaling.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
MLflow
Manage ML lifecycle with MLflow: experiment tracking, model registry, deployment, and MLOps workflows.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios
DVC Data Versioning
Use DVC for reproducible data and pipelines through content-addressed caches, remotes, dependency invalidation, publication ordering, recovery, and provenance.
60 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
vLLM
Optimize LLM serving with vLLM: high-performance inference, memory optimization, and scalable deployment.
30 min • Quiz • Scenarios
Databases
MySQL
Master MySQL: database design, optimization, scaling, replication, and production deployment strategies.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
PostgreSQL
Master PostgreSQL: advanced features, performance tuning, extensions, and enterprise database management.
45 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
MongoDB
Master MongoDB: document modeling, indexing, aggregation, sharding, and NoSQL best practices.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
SQLite
Master SQLite: embedded database design, optimization, mobile apps, and local storage patterns.
25 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Apache Cassandra
Learn Cassandra partition keys, replica placement, consistency levels, data modeling, compaction, repair, failure behavior, and recovery.
45 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Apache CouchDB
Design production CouchDB systems with revision-aware writes, deterministic conflict resolution, partitioned queries, indexes, and replication.
60 min • Quiz • Scenarios
Riak
Learn Riak through consistent hashing, vnodes, tunable quorums, sloppy quorum, hinted handoff, sibling resolution, read repair, anti-entropy, and recovery.
60 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
ClickHouse
Design ClickHouse systems with workload-aligned ORDER BY keys, sustainable insert batching, merge headroom, measured query pruning, and tested recovery.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Amazon DynamoDB
Learn DynamoDB access-pattern modeling, partition distribution, secondary indexes, capacity modes, consistency, streams, and recovery.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
InfluxDB
Master InfluxDB: time-series data management, query optimization, and monitoring infrastructure.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Neo4j
Master Neo4j: graph database modeling, Cypher queries, and building knowledge graph applications.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Amazon Neptune
Learn Neptune graph modeling, property graphs and RDF, traversal planning, replicas, failover, bulk loading, security, and cost.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
ArangoDB
Master ArangoDB: native multi-model database, graph, document, and key-value in one platform with AQL.
45 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Google Cloud Spanner
Learn Spanner external consistency, primary-key hotspots, stale reads, retryable transactions, multi-region quorums, and recovery.
50 min • Quiz • Scenarios
Azure Cosmos DB
Learn Azure Cosmos DB request units, partition-key design, consistency, multi-region routing, throttling, and production recovery.
50 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
CockroachDB
Design CockroachDB systems with ranges, Raft replication, key distribution, serializable retries, multi-region locality, and recovery.
65 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
DuckDB
Design DuckDB workloads with embedded OLAP, Parquet scans, projection and filter pushdown, memory bounds, concurrency, and workload-fit decisions.
60 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
pgvector
Master pgvector: PostgreSQL vector extension, HNSW indexes, similarity search, and RAG integration.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
PgBouncer
Operate PgBouncer with explicit connection budgets, pooling compatibility, bounded queues, TLS boundaries, failover procedures, and rollout evidence.
50 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
cache-storage
Redis
Learn Redis data structures, cache sizing, eviction, persistence, replication, Sentinel failover, Cluster, Pub/Sub, and Streams.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Memcached
Implement Memcached: distributed caching, memory optimization, cache strategies, and performance tuning.
25 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Varnish Cache
Design Varnish caching with safe cache identity, VCL policy, grace, request coalescing, invalidation, and origin-pressure recovery.
60 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Hazelcast IMDG
Master Hazelcast IMDG: in-memory data grid, distributed computing, and high-performance caching.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios
Object Storage
Master object storage: S3, blob storage, data lakes, and scalable storage architectures.
30 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
message-streaming
Apache Kafka
Master Apache Kafka: event streaming, distributed logs, real-time data pipelines, and production patterns.
45 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
RabbitMQ
Design RabbitMQ systems with explicit routing, publisher confirms, durable quorum queues, safe acknowledgements, idempotency, and bounded retries.
65 min • Quiz • Scenarios
Apache Pulsar
Master Apache Pulsar: multi-tenant messaging, geo-replication, and unified streaming platform.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Apache ActiveMQ
Design Apache ActiveMQ systems with queue capacity, flow control, persistence, redelivery, dead letters, failover, and idempotent consumers.
45 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Apache RocketMQ
Design Apache RocketMQ systems with typed topics, FIFO groups, delayed and transactional messages, capacity planning, retries, and idempotent consumers.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Amazon SQS
Master Amazon SQS: managed message queuing, serverless messaging, and AWS integration patterns.
30 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Cloud Platforms
Amazon Web Services
Master AWS: cloud services, architecture patterns, cost optimization, and enterprise solutions.
50 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Google Cloud Platform
Master GCP: Google Cloud services, data analytics, machine learning, and cloud architecture.
45 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Microsoft Azure
Master Azure: Microsoft cloud services, enterprise integration, hybrid cloud, and Azure DevOps.
45 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
API & Communication
API Design Patterns & Best Practices
Interactive API design tool: calculate quality scores, analyze performance metrics, and optimize API architecture.
45 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
GraphQL
Design production GraphQL APIs with schemas, operation budgets, resolver batching, partial failures, admission control, and observability.
45 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
gRPC
Master gRPC: high-performance RPC framework, protocol buffers, and microservices communication.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
WebSocket
Master WebSocket: real-time bidirectional communication, protocol details, and implementation patterns.
30 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
WebRTC
Master WebRTC: peer-to-peer communication, video/audio streaming, and real-time collaboration.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
API Paradigms
Compare API paradigms: REST, GraphQL, gRPC, and WebSocket for different use cases.
30 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
web-networking
NGINX
Master NGINX: web serving, reverse proxy, load balancing, and high-performance configuration.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
HTTP/2 & HTTP/3
Learn HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 framing, multiplexing, HPACK, QPACK, QUIC loss recovery, 0-RTT safety, negotiation, fallback, rollout, and observability.
60 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Proxies & Load Balancing
Design production proxies and load balancers with explicit trust boundaries, health signals, retry budgets, overload control, and failure reserves.
55 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
UDP vs TCP
Compare UDP and TCP: protocols, use cases, reliability vs speed trade-offs.
25 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
orchestration
Kubernetes
Master Kubernetes: container orchestration, cluster management, deployments, and cloud-native architecture.
50 min • Quiz • Scenarios
Helm
Master Helm: Kubernetes package management, chart development, and application deployment.
30 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Service Mesh
Istio
Master Istio: service mesh architecture, traffic management, security, and observability.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios
Service Mesh
Learn service mesh control and data planes, workload identity, bounded resilience, authorization, failure modes, and adoption decisions.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios
infrastructure
Terraform
Master Terraform: infrastructure as code, multi-cloud provisioning, state management, and modules.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios
Ansible
Master Ansible: configuration management, automation playbooks, and infrastructure orchestration.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
DevOps & CI/CD
Jenkins
Learn Jenkins controllers, agents, executors, Pipeline as Code, capacity, credential isolation, plugins, upgrades, and recovery.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
GitLab CI/CD
Master GitLab CI/CD: pipeline configuration, runners, DevOps workflows, and automation.
30 min • Quiz • Scenarios
Security & Auth
OAuth 2.0
Master OAuth 2.0: authorization framework, grant types, security flows, and implementation patterns.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
JSON Web Tokens (JWT)
Learn JWT structure, JOSE validation, issuer and audience policy, key rotation, replay boundaries, sessions, and revocation.
45 min • Quiz • Scenarios
Keycloak
Master Keycloak: identity and access management, SSO, federation, and enterprise authentication.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios
HashiCorp Vault
Operate HashiCorp Vault with workload identity, least-privilege policy, dynamic credential leases, revocation, audit durability, sealing, and Raft recovery.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Monitoring & Observability
Prometheus
Master Prometheus: metrics collection, PromQL, alerting, and monitoring infrastructure.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios
Grafana
Master Grafana: dashboard creation, data visualization, alerting, and monitoring integration.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios
Observability
Master observability: distributed tracing, logging, metrics, and modern observability practices.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios
Data Processing
Apache Spark
Design Spark workloads with partition sizing, shuffle and skew control, executor memory, retries, lineage recovery, and production operations.
65 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
MapReduce
Master MapReduce: distributed data processing paradigm, Hadoop ecosystem, and parallel computing.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios
Stream Processing
Master stream processing: real-time data processing, event streaming, and streaming architectures.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Apache Flink
Master Apache Flink: stateful stream processing, event time semantics, exactly-once processing, and production deployment.
45 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Google Cloud Dataflow
Master Google Cloud Dataflow: unified batch and stream processing, Apache Beam pipelines, auto-scaling, and serverless data processing.
45 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Apache Iceberg
Master Apache Iceberg: table format, data lakes, ACID transactions, and lakehouse architecture.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
lxml
Learn lxml tree and streaming parsing, compiled XPath, schema validation, memory envelopes, and secure parser policy.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Database Patterns
Replication & Sharding
Design replication and sharding with workload-aware shard keys, consistency contracts, routing, lag control, hotspot detection, rebalancing, and recovery.
65 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
SSTable & LSM Trees
Master SSTables and LSM trees: write-optimized storage engines and compaction strategies.
30 min • Quiz • Scenarios
Systems Concepts
Consistent Hashing
Master consistent hashing: distributed data partitioning, virtual nodes, and scalable system design.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Concurrency Patterns
Master concurrency patterns: threads, locks, async programming, and actor models.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Trie (Prefix Tree)
Master Trie data structures: efficient string storage, autocomplete, and pattern matching.
25 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Resilience Patterns
Circuit Breakers
Design circuit breakers with explicit failure classification, rolling-window trip policy, bounded recovery probes, and observable fallback behavior.
30 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Rate Limiting
Master rate limiting: algorithms, distributed rate limiting, and API protection strategies.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Chaos Engineering
Design bounded chaos experiments with steady-state evidence, abort conditions, failure injection, and resilient recovery policies.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Distributed Coordination
etcd Key-Value Store
Learn etcd quorum, linearizable reads, revisions, transactions, watches, leases, maintenance, TLS, observability, and disaster recovery.
70 min • Quiz • Scenarios
Apache ZooKeeper
Design ZooKeeper systems with quorum placement, ordered writes, sessions, ephemeral ownership, watches, fencing, and failure recovery.
60 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Data Formats
Apache Parquet
Learn Apache Parquet file layout, column pruning, row-group statistics, encoding, compression, and safe schema evolution.
45 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Apache ORC
Master Apache ORC: Optimized Row Columnar format, ACID transactions, compression, and Hive integration.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
big-data
Hadoop & HDFS
Master Hadoop and HDFS: distributed storage, MapReduce processing, and big data architecture patterns.
45 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Apache Hive
Master Apache Hive: SQL on Hadoop, data warehousing, partitioning strategies, and query optimization.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Apache HBase
Master Apache HBase: NoSQL on Hadoop, column-family storage, real-time big data access patterns.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Apache YARN
Operate Apache YARN with explicit container envelopes, queue policy, locality trade-offs, recovery boundaries, observability, security, and rollout evidence.
55 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Apache Pig
Operate Apache Pig pipelines with typed dataflows, measured join strategies, shuffle-skew controls, UDF contracts, diagnostics, and safe publishing.
50 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Apache Oozie
Operate and migrate Apache Oozie workflows using coordinator data contracts, deterministic actions, rerun safety, HA evidence, and controlled backfills.
60 min • Quiz • Scenarios
aws-services
Amazon EMR
Master Amazon EMR: managed Hadoop and Spark, cluster configuration, cost optimization, and best practices.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Amazon Athena
Master Amazon Athena: serverless SQL analytics, S3 querying, partitioning, and cost optimization.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
AWS Glue
Master AWS Glue: serverless ETL, data catalog, crawlers, and data integration patterns.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Amazon SageMaker
Master Amazon SageMaker: end-to-end ML platform, model training, deployment, and MLOps workflows.
50 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Amazon Redshift
Learn Redshift MPP architecture, distribution and sort choices, query plans, workload management, ingestion, cost, and recovery.
45 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Amazon Kinesis
Design Amazon Kinesis streams with shard capacity, partition-key distribution, consumer recovery, retention, and replay-safe processing.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Amazon CloudFront
Master Amazon CloudFront: CDN setup, edge locations, caching strategies, and security features.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Amazon CloudWatch
Learn CloudWatch metric identity, dimension cardinality, structured logs, alarm evaluation, missing-data policy, and incident response.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios
Amazon ECS & Fargate
Master Amazon ECS and Fargate: container orchestration, serverless containers, and deployment patterns.
45 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
AWS Step Functions
Master AWS Step Functions: serverless workflow orchestration, state machines, and integration patterns.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
data-orchestration
Apache Airflow
Master Apache Airflow: DAG creation, operators, scheduling, and production deployment patterns.
45 min • Quiz • Scenarios
Apache NiFi
Master Apache NiFi: visual data flow automation, processors, and real-time data integration.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
data-platforms
Databricks
Master Databricks: unified analytics platform, lakehouse architecture, and collaborative data science.
45 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Snowflake
Master Snowflake: cloud data warehouse, virtual warehouses, data sharing, and performance optimization.
45 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Google BigQuery
Master Google BigQuery: serverless data warehouse, partitioning, clustering, and cost optimization.
45 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
observability
DataDog
Master DataDog: full-stack observability, APM, infrastructure monitoring, and alerting strategies.
40 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Kibana
Master Kibana: Elasticsearch visualization, dashboards, log analysis, and the ELK stack.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
ML Tools
Ludwig
Design Ludwig systems with typed feature contracts, preprocessing, declarative training, evaluation, serving compatibility, and release controls.
60 min • Quiz • Scenarios
AutoML
Master AutoML: automated machine learning, neural architecture search, and hyperparameter optimization.
30 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
Natural Language Processing
fastText
Master fastText: efficient text classification, word embeddings, and subword modeling for NLP.
35 min • Quiz • Calculator
langid.py
Use langid.py for candidate-scoped language identification, uncertainty-aware routing, evaluation, and safe multilingual fallbacks.
35 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
security-tools
Red Team Infrastructure
Build red team infrastructure: command & control systems, payload delivery, operational security, and infrastructure automation.
45 min • Quiz • Calculator
Penetration Testing Frameworks
Plan authorized penetration tests with rules of engagement, safe framework use, evidence chains, validation, and remediation retests.
45 min • Quiz • Scenarios • Calculator
🎯 Recommended Learning Path
Master these technologies in the optimal order for system design proficiency.